![]() ![]() The urban heat island effect consists of the release of the absorbed heat during the night in urban areas, which prevents the urban area from cooling down and can lead to increased nighttime temperatures. On top of the progressive warming of the climate, the accelerated growth of the cities and increasing urbanization of the land surface is expected to further amplify the increased frequency of hot nights due to the urban heat island effect. Along with the increasing number of hot days, also nighttime temperatures, and thus, the frequency of hot nights increased in the last years in most regions of the world, and it is expected to further increase in the future decades. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.ĭue to climate change, the frequency and intensity of hot temperature extremes have increased in recent years. 801076, through the Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH) Global PhD Fellowship Programme in Public Health Sciences (GlobalP3HS) of the SSPH. has received funding from The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. The R code to replicate the epidemiological analysis is provided in the following link. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data of the epidemiological analysis is deposited in BORIS (the official repository of the University of Bern) under the DOI 10.48620/223. Received: AugAccepted: FebruPublished: April 12, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Rippstein et al. PLOS Clim 2(4):Įditor: Noureddine Benkeblia, University of the West Indies, JAMAICA Our findings indicate that TNs are a relevant health hazard for a large part of the Swiss population leading to potentially larger impacts in the future due to climate change and increasing urbanization.Ĭitation: Rippstein V, de Schrijver E, Eckert S, Vicedo-Cabrera AM (2023) Trends in tropical nights and their effects on mortality in Switzerland across 50 years. The TN-mortality association was highly heterogeneous across cantons and cities. We found an overall increase in the annual frequency of TN (from 90 to 2113 TNs per decade) and the population exposed (from 3.7 million to over 157 million population-TN per decade) in Switzerland between 1970–2019, mainly in the cities of Lausanne, Geneva, Basel, Lugano, and Zurich, and during the last two decades. We then performed a case time series analysis to estimate the TN-mortality association (controlled for the daily mean temperature) by canton and for the main 8 cities using data on all-cause mortality at the district level between 1980–2018. We assessed the change in the frequency of TNs and the exposed population per district and decade through a spatiotemporal analysis. We identified the TNs (minimum nighttime temperature ≥ 20☌) in each district in Switzerland using population-weighted hourly temperature series (ERA5-Land reanalysis data set) between 1970–2019. We aimed to assess the spatiotemporal patterns in the frequency and the exposed population to TNs, and its mortality effect in Switzerland. Additionally, high nighttime temperatures or tropical nights (TNs) also affect the well-being of the population. Increasing temperatures and more frequent and severe heat waves in Switzerland are leading to a larger heat-related health burden. ![]()
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